ST LOUIS (MD Consult) - On July 20, 2009, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it has approved a vaccine to protect against influenza in the United States for the 2009/2010 flu season. Each year, experts from the FDA, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization (WHO), and other institutions study virus samples and patterns collected from around the world in an effort to identify strains that may cause the most illness in the upcoming season. On the basis of their forecasts and the recommendations of the FDA's Vaccine and Related Products Advisory Committee, the FDA determines the 3 strains of influenza that manufacturers should include in their vaccines for use in the US population. This year, the vaccine for the upcoming flu season contains the following:

 

an A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)–like virus;

an A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)–like virus; and

a B/Brisbane/60/2008–like virus.

 

It is always possible that a less than optimal match exists between the virus strains predicted to circulate and the virus strains that eventually cause the most illness. Even if the vaccine and the circulating strains are not an exact match, influenza immunization may still reduce the severity of illness or may help prevent influenza-related complications.

 

The seasonal influenza vaccine will not protect against the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus that resulted in the declaration of a pandemic by WHO on June 11, 2009. The FDA continues to work with manufacturers, international partners, and other government agencies to facilitate the availability of a safe and effective vaccine against this virus.

 

The 6 vaccine brand names (and their manufacturers) are as follows:

 

Afluria (CSL Limited);

Fluarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals);

FluLaval (ID Biomedical Corporation);

Fluvirin (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Limited);

Fluzone (Sanofi Pasteur Inc); and

FluMist (MedImmune Vaccines Inc).

圣路易斯(MD Consult)——2009年7月20日，美国食品药品管理局(FDA)宣布，当局已批准美国用于预防2009/2010年流感季节的疫苗。每年，来自FDA、美国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)、世界卫生组织(WHO)以及其他机构的专家对由全世界各地收集的病毒样本和感染方式进行研究，努力识别下一季流感最可能的致病毒株。基于他们的预测以及FDA的疫苗与相关生物制品顾问委员会的建议，FDA确定3个流感毒株，由厂商进行生产，用于美国民众。今年，下一流感季节的疫苗包括如下几种：

 

甲型H1N1布里斯班型病毒；

甲型H3N2布里斯班型病毒；以及

乙型布里斯班型病毒。

 

情况可能常常是，预测导致流感流行的病毒株与最终主要致病的病毒株并不完全一致。即便疫苗与流行毒株不完全一致，流感免疫接种仍可降低病情的严重程度，还可能有助于预防流感相关的并发症。

季节性流感疫苗不会预防2009年的H1N1流感病毒(WHO在声明中指出是导致全球大流行的流感病毒)致病。FDA将继续与生产厂商、国际同盟以及其他政府机构合作，以期生产出一种针对该病毒的安全有效疫苗。

6个疫苗品牌名称(及其生产厂商)列举如下：

 

Afluria (CSL Limited公司)
福禄立适流感疫苗(葛兰素史克生物制品有限公司)
FluLaval (ID生物医药公司)
Fluvirin (诺华疫苗与诊断试剂有限责任公司)
Fluzone (赛诺菲巴斯德公司)
FluMist (美国医学免疫疫苗公司)