PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the effect of local injury to the endometrium on the implantation rate in IVF-embryo transfer. RECENT FINDINGS: In 2003, Barash et al. reported that endometrial sampling of IVF patients using a biopsy catheter substantially increases their chances to conceive at the following IVF-embryo transfer cycle. Such a favorable influence of local injury to the endometrium was later confirmed by Raziel et al. Our previous studies demonstrated that removal of ploys or thickening endometrium 2 weeks before embryo transfer significantly improves the incidence of successful pregnancies in patients undergoing IVF. In 2008, our study suggested that the gene-expression profile of endometria from patients with different pregnancy results are different. SUMMARY: Local injury to endometria of IVF patients in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycle may increase the incidence of embryo implantation. © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health.