Objective: Quantitative analysis of circulating cell free DNA is considered as a possible aid for lung cancer screening. We aimed to comprehensively review the evidence for use of circulating cell free DNA to screen for lung cancer. Methods: After a systematic review of English language studies, sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy of circulating DNA assay in the diagnosis of lung cancer were pooled using random-effects models. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize overall test performance. Results: Ten studies met our inclusion criteria. The summary estimates for quantitative analysis of circulating cell free DNA in lung cancer screening in the studies included were as follows: sensitivity, 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.83); specificity, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74-0.80); positive likelihood ratio, 4.54 (95% CI, 2.66-7.76); negative likelihood ratio, 0.28 (95% CI, 0.19-0.40); and diagnostic odds ratio, 20.33 (95% CI, 10.12-40.86). Conclusions: The current evidence suggests that the diagnostic accuracy of quantitative analysis of circulating DNA is not lower than conventional serum biomarkers for lung cancer screening, at least. However, it is not recommend for lung cancer screening alone, because its discrimination power is not very perfect. The value of circulating DNA assay in combination with conventional markers for lung cancer detection deserved further investigation. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.