女性尿失禁的非手术治疗方案

Urinary incontinence (UI), the involuntary loss of urine, has a prevalence of approximately 25% in young women (aged 14 to 21 years) , 44% to 57% in middle-aged and postmenopausal women (aged 40 to 60 years) , and 75% in elderly women (aged ≥75 years) . However, these statistics may be underestimated because one study showed that at least half of incontinent women do not report the issue to their physicians . Risk factors for UI include pregnancy, pelvic floor trauma after vaginal delivery, menopause, hysterectomy, obesity, urinary tract infection, functional and/or cognitive impairment, chronic cough, and constipation . The effects of UI range from slightly bothersome to debilitating. Urinary incontinence also contributes to high medical spending—approximately $19.5 billion was spent in the United States in 2004—and it accounts for 6% of nursing home admissions for elderly women, costing approximately $3 billion.

This guideline is based on published English-language literature on nonsurgical management of UI in women from 1990 through December 2013 that was identified using MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scirus, and Google Scholar. The outcomes evaluated for this guideline include continence, improvement in UI, quality of life, adverse effects, and discontinuation due to adverse effects. It grades the evidence and recommendations by using ACP's guideline grading system. The target audience is all clinicians, and the target patient population is all women with UI.