在城市环境中骑自行车与乘坐汽车的健康风险与获益比较：健康影响评估研究

Objective:
To estimate the risks and benefits to health of travel by bicycle, using a bicycle sharing scheme, compared with travel by car in an urban environment.

Design:
Health impact assessment study.

Setting:
Public bicycle sharing initiative, Bicing, in Barcelona, Spain.

Participants:
181 982 Bicing subscribers.

Main Outcomes Measures:
The primary outcome measure was all cause mortality for the three domains of physical activity, air pollution (exposure to particulate matter <2.5μm), and road traffic incidents. The secondary outcome was change in levels of carbon dioxide emissions.

Results:
Compared with car users the estimated annual change in mortality of the Barcelona residents using Bicing (n=181 982) was 0.03 deaths from road traffic incidents and 0.13 deaths from air pollution. As a result of physical activity, 12.46 deaths were avoided (benefit:risk ratio 77). The annual number of deaths avoided was 12.28. As a result of journeys by Bicing, annual carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by an estimated 9 062 344kg.

Conclusions:

Public bicycle sharing initiatives such as Bicing in Barcelona have greater benefits than risks to health and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.