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Clinical Infectious Diseases
(CLIN INFECT DIS) 《临床传染病》

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临床传染病
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《临床传染病》是在传染病领域具有广泛的国际读者的领先杂志。该杂志发表实践者和研究者感兴趣的主题的文章。主题范围从感染学的临床描述,公共卫生,微生物学和免疫预防感染,对当前的和新的治疗方法的评价,促进诊断和治疗的最佳做法。

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Published 2013年7月,Volume 57,Issue 1

最新一期

NEWS

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IN THE LITERATURE

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CDC SECTION

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ARTICLES AND COMMENTARIES

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    Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and higher costs among a multicenter cohort of hospitalized children matched by important demographic and clinical characteristics. The impact of CDI is most significant among children with hospital-onset disease.

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    Using a large, pediatric active surveillance network throughout the United States, both licensed and concurrently used rotavirus vaccines significantly protected against medically attended rotavirus gastroenteritis. Vaccine performance appeared to neither diminish over time, nor differ by predominant circulating rotavirus strain, including G12P[8].

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    We performed a meta-analysis of prospective studies to compare microbiologic failure, relapse, and acquired drug resistance in tuberculosis patients on directly observed versus self-administered therapy. Directly administered therapy was no better than self-administered therapy.

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    The clinical manifestation and disease progression of Mycobacterium abscessusand Mycobacterium massiliense lung disease are variable. This study provides evidence that the clinical isolates of M. abscessus and M. massiliense with specific genotypes are associated with disease phenotype and progression.

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    To investigate the risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection in a cohort of naturally exposed individuals, we assessed the time to first P. falciparum infection by polymerase chain reaction analysis of dried blood spots and found no age-related differences in infection risk.

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    A cold-mist humidifier in a nursery caused the first outbreak of nosocomial Legionellosis in term neonates. Legionella pneumophila serogroups 3 and 1 infected 28% of exposed neonates, causing severe pneumonia or milder atypical symptoms, conferring a 33% overall mortality.

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    Highly increased immunoglobulin G anticardiolipin levels at acute Q fever diagnosis are predictive of progression to endocarditis.

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    Outbreaks of bacterial species occur for the majority of bacteria commonly identified in the intensive care unit. This study provides evidence for frequent temporal clustering of resistance outbreaks consistent with interspecies transmission of resistance elements.

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    In the United States, incident hepatitis C among men who have sex with men has been ongoing since at least 1984. Risk factors included unprotected receptive anal intercourse with multiple partners, HIV infection, and lower CD4 T-cell count among HIV-infected men.

INVITED ARTICLES

HEALTHCARE EPIDEMIOLOGY

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    Electronic surveillance of healthcare-associated infections can increase efficiency and reliability of surveillance. Adoption of electronic systems based on multivariable regression models uses available data to their full potential to generate much-needed high-quality infection rates.

IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS

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    Response to systemic antifungal therapy alone remains disproportionately less satisfactory in immunosuppressed transplant and oncology patients. Antifungal immunotherapy is appealing; however, before routine clinical use is recommended, well-designed prospective comparative clinical trials are urgently needed.

HIV/AIDS

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    We present a retrospective series of CD8 encephalitis in 14 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy with very specific pathological and radiological criteria. This new HIV neurological complication, rare but severe, could be cured by glucocorticosteroids.

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    We show in human immunodeficiency virus–positive persons that the coronary artery disease effect of an unfavorable genetic background is comparable to previous studies in the general population, and comparable in size to traditional risk factors and antiretroviral regimens known to increase cardiovascular risk.

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    Global progress toward universal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing remains slow. Interest in HIV self-testing is high and may increase knowledge of HIV status; however, empirical research on selftesting is limited, resulting in lack of evidence on which to base policy recommendations.

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    A 52-week supplementation with the immunomodulatory nutritional product NR100157 resulted in a beneficial 40-cell/µL difference in human immunodeficiency virus–infected patients not on antiretroviral therapy. In a pilot study, reduced CD4+CD25+ activation was observed. This inversely correlated with CD4+ T-cell count.

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    We conducted a retrospective study of cytomegalovirus viremia in Thai human immunodeficiency virus patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia was present in 26.3% of patients, and CMV DNA >500 copies/mL was associated with increased mortality.

CORRESPONDENCE

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ERRATA

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ELECTRONIC ARTICLES

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    For the first time, cases from an outbreak of acute schistosomiasis are compared to controls. Five subjects (10%) had severe manifestations of schistosomiasis. Physicians should consider that an epidemic of schistosomiasis might emerge in a nonendemic area.

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    Chagas disease–associated cardiomyopathy is clinically similar to other causes of cardiomyopathy and, therefore, the diagnosis can be easily overlooked. We found a 13% point prevalence of Chagas disease in a sample of New York City immigrants with dilated cardiomyopathy.

COVER/STANDING MATERIAL

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