北京学龄前儿童中过敏性鼻炎的流行情况与相关危险因素

Department of Otolaryngology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Objectives/Hypothesis: To investigate the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and its associated risk factors in preschool children in Beijing. Study design: Two-stage, clustered, stratified random sample study. Methods: Parents of 4,075 children aged 3, 4, and 5 years in urban and suburban areas were surveyed using a questionnaire. A random subgroup of 1,067 children was examined by otolaryngologists with skin prick test (SPT). Results: The survey response rate was 98.3%. Based on the criteria published by ARIA document, the prevalence of epidemiologic AR was 48% (53.2% in urban areas; 43.4% in suburban areas). Among 795 children with epidemiologic AR, sensitization to common inhalant allergens was confirmed by a positive SPT in 248 children (31.2%). Thus, the adjusted prevalence of clinical AR was 14.9% (19.5% in urban areas; 10.8% in suburban areas). In these AR children, 166 (67.1%) were intermittent and 82 (32.9%) persistent, with moderate/severe symptoms in 103 (41.5%). The most common inhalant allergens were Alternaria tenuis (55.7%), followed by Dermatophagoides farina (39.4%), and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (38.6%). Both asthma (adjusted OR 4.88, 95% CI: 3.48-6.86) and eczema (adjusted OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.15-1.94) appear to be significant concomitant risk factors for AR. Conclusions: The prevalence of AR in young children can be overestimated using epidemiologic criteria. AR is a common disease in Asian preschool children, with an increasing trend as children get older, and is higher in urban than suburban areasa-suggesting an important role for environmental risk factors in AR. Laryngoscope, 2013 Copyright © 2012 The American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society, Inc.

Wang, D.-Y.; Department of Otolaryngology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; email:entwdy@nus.edu.sg